Ground and Balloon-Borne Observations of Sprites and Jets. a. Research Objectives. One of the most interesting new areas of research in the atmospheric sciences is the topic of visible emissions above thunderstorms. ... associated with tropospheric lightning are produced thermally, by ... fast ``Trimpi" effect and elve phenomena. This model ... Osborne, ELF/VLF Signatures of Red Sprites and Blue Jets, EOS ...
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What is a sprite? When were sprites discovered? How long does a sprite last? How big is a sprite? What causes sprites? Do sprites connect with the clouds below? What gives sprites their color? ... their parent lightning, by using extremely low frequency (ELF) and very ... findings about sprites, jets, elves and upward lightning have stemmed ... What is an elve? The elve was first ...
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... elve in figure 1 ( not "elf": the ... elve initiation are both independent of the polarity of the lightning source. Nevertheless, sprites ... sprites verifiably produced by positive lightning ...
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... team member Marcia Neugebauer of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ... A good web page is: http://lightning.nmt.edu ... are shaped quite differently from sprites and were ...
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... results from the Sprites 94 aircraft campaign: 1. Red sprites. ... and OH Vaughan, Jr., 1998: Blue Jets: Their relationship to lightning and very ...
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... atmosphere, sprites, elves and blue jets have been ... TLE producers even given very high lightning rates, due ... IT Baker and R. Boldi, Sprites, ELF transients, and ...
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... 92% were sprites, 8% were elves, and no blue jets were noted ... Real-time NLDN lightning display, real-time radar and GOES ... Logistics, forecasting, LLTV, Photometry (blue), VLF and ELF ......
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... The ringlike elve in Figure 1 (not "elf": the acronym stands for "emissions of light and very low ... Sprites. Lightning. Electromagnetic Pulses. Elves. Blue Jets. Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Events ...
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Quantitative analysis shows that vertical lightning charge moment changes of 150-1100 C.km occurred before the optical emissions reached their peak with delays of 2-11 ms from the lightning discharge. ... video images and ELF-VLF radio emissions from ... regular lightning discharges in the troposphere. For example sprites and jets are ... of sprite- and elve-associated sferics}, journal ...
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... Teams around the world also measuring ELF/VLF signals ... J. McKune, 1994: Observations of lightning in the ... videotapes in the discovery of sprites, jets and elves. ..
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... of daytime sprites via a unique sprite ELF signature ... of sprite- and elve-associated sferics ... regular lightning discharges in the troposphere. For example, sprites and jets are ...
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... altitude optical phenomenon, distinct from sprites, observed above ... a few mJ/m 3 . Blue jets are not ... strong (high current) conventional lightning stroke between ...
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The ROCSAT 2 ISUAL investigation. Introduction. The energy dissipated by each terrestrial lightning discharge is often very large, it can be greater than 10 GW. ... of lightning induced upper atmospheric optical flash transients (sprites, elves, blue jets etc ... triggering of sprite/elve and may not be ... R.Boldi, Sprites, ELF transients, and positive ...
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... VLF group delay of lightning-induced electron precipitation echoes ... videoapes in the discovery of sprites, jets and elves ... in unusually large lightning flashes deduced from ELF events ......
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... as the basis for a global sprite detection and ... to confirm suggestions that blue jets may be ... of true cloud-to-stratosphere upward lightning discharges, which ..
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... lightning, sprites are ... ElveRed spriteElectrondensityBlue jetTemperatureCG+ CG10050The pantheon of transient luminous emissions of the strat- osphere and mesosphere: sprites, jets ...
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... and C. Lennon, Comparison of lightning observations from the ... Observations of sprites and jets from Langmuir ... sprites via a unique sprite ELF signature, Geophys. ..
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... the 1999 Sprites Balloon Campaigns, URSI, Lightning Effects in the ... waves associated with sprites, blue jets, elves and storm ... Boldi, 1995: Sprites, ELF transients and positive ground ...
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Reproduced by the courtesy of the American Meteorological Society,Glossary of Meteorology, Second Edition, 2000. air conductivity See conductivity. air discharge ... A form of lightning discharge probably similar to a cloud discharge in which the lightning channel propagates away from a ... mechanism may be that jets are discharge following some sort ...
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... ELF and VLF waves induced by lightning, reaching this ... sprite and elve events were obtained ... sprites, jets, and other middle and upper atmospheric electrical effects of lightning ...
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... 1989). ELF and VLF waves in ... contribution of global lightning to the atmospheric ... sprites, invited paper presented to the Exchange Club of Houston, 30 November, (2000). Sprite and Elve ...
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